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Which angle is used to quantify the degree of spinal curvature on a frontal radiograph?

Ferguson angle

Cobb angle

The Cobb angle is the standard way to quantify scoliosis on a frontal radiograph. To measure it, identify the topmost and bottommost vertebrae involved in the curve (the end vertebrae). Draw a line along the superior endplate of the upper vertebra and another line along the inferior endplate of the lower vertebra. Then construct perpendicular lines to these endplate lines; the angle where those perpendiculars intersect is the Cobb angle, measured in degrees. This value directly expresses how severe the lateral curvature is on the frontal view and is used to assess progression and guide treatment. Other angles exist for different spinal measurements, but they do not quantify frontal-plane scoliosis in the standard way.

Kendall angle

Gertzbein angle

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